What is .NET Framework ? - Part 1

This is .NET Basics tutorial which is targeted for beginner, freshers, experienced developers and support members who would like to learn and revise .NET on daily basis.

What is .NET Framework ? 

• A programming infrastructure created by Microsoft for building, deploying and running applications that use .NET Technologies such as desktop applications and web services. 
• The .NET framework contains 3 major parts:
1. Common Language Runtime(CLR),
2. Framework Class Library(FCL),
3. ASP.NET

Core of .NET Framework:

• The .NET Framework consists of the common language runtime and the .NET Framework class library. The common language runtime is the foundation of the .NET Framework. You can think of the runtime as an agent that manages code at execution time, providing core services such as memory management, thread management, and remoting, while also enforcing strict type safety and other forms of code accuracy that promote security and robustness. 
• In fact, the concept of code management is a fundamental principle of the runtime. Code that targets the runtime is known as managed code, while code that does not target the runtime is known as unmanaged code. 
• The class library is a comprehensive, object-oriented collection of reusable types that you can use to develop applications ranging from traditional command-line or graphical user interface (GUI) applications to applications based on the latest innovations provided by ASP.NET, such as Web Forms and XML Web services.
• The .NET Framework can be hosted by unmanaged components that load the common language runtime into their processes and initiate the execution of managed code, thereby creating a software environment that can exploit both managed and unmanaged features. The .NET Framework not only provides several runtime hosts, but also supports the development of third-party runtime hosts.
• For example, ASP.NET hosts the runtime to provide a scalable, server-side environment for managed code. ASP.NET works directly with the runtime to enable ASP.NET applications and XML Web services, both of which are discussed later in this topic.
• Internet Explorer is an example of an unmanaged application that hosts the runtime (in the form of a MIME type extension). Using Internet Explorer to host the runtime enables you to embed managed components or Windows Forms controls in HTML documents. Hosting the runtime in this way makes managed mobile code possible, but with significant improvements that only managed code can offer, such as semi-trusted execution and isolated file storage.
• The following illustration shows the relationship of the common language runtime and the class library to your applications and to the overall system. The illustration also shows how managed code operates within a larger architecture.

                             

Objective of .NET Framework ?

• A consistent object-oriented programming environment, where object code can be stored and executed locally, executed locally but Internet-distributed, or executed remotely.

• A code-execution environment that minimizes software deployment and versioning conflicts.

• A code-execution environment that guarantees safe execution of code, including code created by an unknown or semi-trusted third party.

• A code-execution environment that eliminates the performance problems of scripted or interpreted environments.

• Developers can experience consistency across widely varying types of applications, such as Windows-based applications and Web-based applications.

• Build all communication on industry standards to ensure that code based on the .NET Framework can integrate with any other code.